UNIT-XIV
UNIT-XIV
Human Rights
Working with words
A. Pair the following words as opposites.
despair, kind, fresh, strange, normal, fierce, hope, selfish, corrupt, stale, familiar, eccentric, gentle, generous, cruel, honest
· Despair: hope
· Kind: cruel
· Fresh: stale
· Strange: familiar
· Normal: eccentric
· Fierce: gentle
· Selfish: generous
· Corrupt: honest
B. By adding a suitable suffix to each word in the table, form another word as in the examples below.
Examples: willing - willingness; heart - hearty; strength – strengthen
Into nouns | Into adjectives | Into verbs |
Open-minded: open-mindedness | Pain: painful | Less: Lessen |
Accommodate: accommodation | Differ: different | Sure: Ensure |
Rehearse: rehearsal | Behave: behaved or behavioral | Real: |
Transgress: transgression | Remark: remarkable | Glory: Glorify |
Angry: anger | Indifference: indifferent | Power: Empower |
Mix: mixture | Thought: thoughtful | Prison: Imprison |
C. Pronounce the following words with the help of a dictionary.
a. viewer, sure, cure, fluent, poor, affluence, flower, curious, tourist, allowance, usual, intellectual, visual, mature, endure
b. join, coin, boy, voice, noise, soil, hoist, moist, avoid, toy, toilet, annoy, enjoy, poison
Answer (a) Answer
(b)
Viewer: /vjuːə/ join: /dʒɔɪn/
Sure: /ʃʊəʃɔː/ coin: /kɔɪn/
Cure: /kjʊə/ boy: /bɔɪ/
Fluent:
/fluːənt/ voice: /vɔɪs/
Poor: /pʊə/ noise: /nɔɪz/
Affluence: /aflʊəns/ soil: /sɔɪl/
Flower: /flaʊə/ hoist: /hɔɪst/
Curious: /kjʊərɪəs/ moist: /mɔɪst/
Tourist: /tʊərɪst/ avoid: /əvɔɪd/
Allowance: /əlaʊəns/ toy: /tɔɪ/
Usual:
/juːʒʊəl/ toilet: /tɔɪlət/
Intellectual: /ɪntɪlɛktʃʊəl/ annoy: /ənɔɪ/
Visual: /vɪʒʊəl/ enjoy: /ɪndʒɔɪ/
Mature: /mətʃʊə/ poison: /pɔɪzn/
Endure: /ɪndjʊə/
Comprehension
A.
Write
True or False after each statement. Give reason for your answer.
a. The author says his father was an ideal person in the
family.
False: His
father used to verbally and physically abuse his mother when he was drunk and that
he had to watch helplessly.
b. The author wanted to forgive his father but he did not
get an opportunity.
False: When he
recalls the moment, he wants to hurt his father back.
c. It’s worth forgiving a person if he/she realizes his/her
mistakes.
True: Realization
of mistakes is the best form of transformation.
d. South Africa had dual type of education system in the
1960s.
True: South
Africa was in the grip of apartheid.
e. The author lived in a joint family.
False: He had a
wife and his two children.
f. The author regretted for not getting a chance to talk to
his father.
True:
g. According to the author, all our glories and splendours
are short-lived.
True:
B. Answer the following questions.
a. How does the author remember his family environment when he was a small boy?
· When the author was a small boy, he had to watch helplessly
as his drunken father verbally and physically abused his mother for no apparent
reason.
b. Why does the
author blame system more than his father?
· The author holds the society more
accountable than his father since he thinks his father's pressures, anxieties,
and burdens were more to blame for such conduct. He questions if he would have
acted in the same way as his father had he faced similar circumstances.
c. How does the principle of forgiveness work?
· Forgiveness does not depend on the
actions of others. In fact, the forgiveness principle works best when we
forgive for ourselves, which is the highest form of self-interest.
d. How does the author interpret the noises, squalls and
tantrums of his children?
· The author perceives his children's
sounds, squalls, and tantrums as signs of their exhaustion, parental failure,
anger, etc., and that their behavior is not accepted by their parents.
e. Why did the author decide to educate his children in
Swaziland?
· The author decided to educate his
children in Swaziland because the then-education system was poor and was in the
grip of apartheid, which separated schools for superior and inferior black
children.
f. How does the author define human life?
· Human life, according to the author,
is a complex blend of kindness, beauty, cruelty, grief, indifference, love, and
many other emotions. These core components of human nature are present in all
of us. As a result, we occasionally exhibit both generosity and selfishness. Sometimes
we are kind and other times we are cruel; sometimes we are thoughtful and other
times we are not.
g. According to the author, is it heredity or environment
that shapes a man’s character? Explain.
· The author asserts nobody is born with
hatred, violence, or virtue. He argues that since no one is a liar, rapist, or
terrorist from birth, it is the environment or situation that shapes a man's
character.
h. Why is forgiveness important in our life.
· Forgiveness
is important in our lives for a couple of reasons. Firstly, it gives us an
opportunity to realize our mistakes and make corrections. Secondly, it frees us
from past mistakes and allows us to move ahead into the future unfettered by
the mistakes that have been made.
Critical Thinking
a. Desmond Tutu once said, “Forgiving is not forgetting;
it’s actually remembering– remembering and not using your right to hit back.
It’s a second chance for a new beginning.” Does this quotation apply to this
text? Analyze.
b. The author interprets ‘I am sorry’ as three hardest words
to say. How does it apply to your life?
Writing
The author talks about dual education system based on race in South
Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. We also have private
schools and public schools in Nepal. What should be done to make education
equal to all citizens of Nepal? Write a couple of paragraphs expressing your
views.
After
the establishment of democracy in 1951 in Nepal, the general public's access to
education increased with the opening of schools and higher education
institutions like Tribhuvan University (1959), Kathmandu University (1991),
etc. Along with the increase in the number of public schools, private schools
are increasing every year, mainly focusing on quality education and the English
language, which the public schools are blamed for deteriorating.
Education
is a fundamental right for all. However, all children living in all parts of
Nepal have not yet had access to education, despite various efforts from
governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The system of private and
public schools in countries like Nepal has created a great disparity between
the rich and poor. Only those who can afford tuition fees can attend private
schools. Underprivileged children are deprived of getting an education to the
same extent as those in urban areas. This has further invited hatred, clashes,
and division among the people living in society.
Education should be equal and
accessible to all citizens living in all parts of Nepal. The government of
Nepal and the ministry of education should start formulating such policies that
envision equal education for all people living in all parts of the nation.
Furthermore, public schools should be strengthened in terms of educational
quality, resulting in increased demand for admission to the schools.
Grammar
Connectives
a. Bibha Kumari was doing her homework. The doorbell rang.
Bibha Kumari was doing her homework when the doorbell rang.
b. I heard the telephone ring. I picked it up.
When I heard the telephone ring, I picked it up.
c. Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note. She was washing her pants.
Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note while she was washing her pants.
d. Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker. He was visiting the market yesterday.
Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker while he was visiting the market yesterday.
e. I was at the butcher’s shop. I met Harikala.
When I was at the butcher’s shop, I met Harikala.
f. The sales agent was dealing with the customer. A thief stole the jewels.
While the sales agent was dealing with the customer, a thief stole the jewels.
g. My small brother was sleeping. I played chess with my father.
My small brother was sleeping when I played chess with my father.
h. The old lady fell down. She was climbing up the stairs.
The old lady fell down while she was climbing up the stairs.
i. The leader was giving a speech loudly. He lost his voice.
While the leader was giving a speech loudly, he lost his voice.
j. Kanchan broke her backbone. She was lifting up the load.
Kanchan broke her backbone while she was lifting up the load.
a. I know my father caused pain because he himself was in
pain.
b. All of us share the core qualities of our human nature
and so sometimes we are generous and sometimes selfish.
c. My father has long since died, but if I could speak to
him today, I would want to tell him that I had forgiven him.
Now, fill in the blanks with one of the
connectives from the box.
so because
as since due
to owing
to because of
a. We didn’t go for a morning walk today because it
was raining.
b. I wanted to go home early as I was not feeling
well.
c. My brother stayed at home because of his illness.
d. I was late to the class due to a traffic jam.
e. He didn’t like dogs, so he was not happy when his
wife brought a puppy home.
f. He was not included in the team owing to his knee
injury.
g. Since I was tired, I went
to bed early.
h. He was very unhappy because he lost one million
rupees in the share market.
i. We cancelled our trip to Rara Lake due to the bad weather.
j. These two lines intersect with each other because they are not parallel lines.
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