UNIT-XIII

History

Working with words

A.    Match the words with their definitions/meanings.

    a.     passion            i.          like an uncle (d)

    b.     surveillance    ii.         powerful attraction (f)

    c.     integrity          iii.        the power or ability of a material to return to its original form, position,                                              etc., after   being bent, compressed, or stretched (i)

    d.     Avuncular       iv.        any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling, as love or hate (a)

    d.     Livelihood      v.         an unobstructed and wide view of an extensive area in all directions (h)

    e.     Fascination     vi.        an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new (g)

    f.      Innovation      vii.       the removal of people or things from a endangered area (j)

    g.     Panorama       viii.     continuous observation of a place, person, group, or ongoing activity in                                             order to gather information (b)

    h.     Resilience       ix.   a means of supporting one’s existence (e)

    j.    Evacuation      x.    the state of being whole, entire, or undiminished (c)

Answer: a-iv, b-viii,  c-x,      d-i,       e-ix,     f-ii,      g-vi,     h-v,      i-iii,        j-vii

B.    Define the following professionals. One has been done for you.

architect, civil engineer, mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, automobile engineer, electronic engineer, electrical engineer, computer engineer, food engineer, chemical engineer, biomedical engineer.

Example: An architect is an engineer who designs buildings and advises in their construction.

·                   Civil engineer:

                    A civil engineer is an engineer who plans and designs buildings, roads, bridges, etc.

·                   Mechanical engineer:

                    A mechanical engineer is an engineer who designs or builds machines.

·                   Aerospace engineer:

                    An aerospace engineer is an engineer who designs, tests, and manages the manufacturing of                   aircraft, spacecraft, satellites and missiles.

              Automobile engineer:

                   An automobile engineer is an engineer who designs, develops, manufactures and tests vehicles.

·                      Electronic Engineer:

                    An electronic engineer is an engineer who designs and develops electronic equipment.

·                       Computer engineer:

                    A computer engineer is an engineer who deals with computer hardware and software systems.

·                       Food engineer:

                    A food engineer is an engineer who designs and develops systems for production, processing,                distributing and storing food and agricultural materials. 

·                       Chemical engineer:

                    A chemical engineer is an engineer who deals with production and other aspects of chemicals.

·                       Biomedical engineer.

                  A biomedical engineer is an engineer who analyzes and designs solutions to problems in biology              and medicine, with the goal of improving the quality and effectiveness of patient care.

C.    With the help of your teacher or a dictionary, pronounce these words. What vowel sounds do they contain? Make a list of them.

but, cut, sun, lust, fun, gun, run, jump, bulb, blood /ʌ/

top, lot, job, sob, box, bomb, dog, hot /ɒ/

the, ago, again, alike, father   /ə/

caught, bought, thought, taught, naught, sought, born, torn /ɔ:/

bird, first, fur, turn, girl, sir, firm, germ, learn, verb /ɜ:/

 Answer:

        /ʌ/

        /ɒ/

        /ə/

        /ɔ:/

        /ɜ:/

Comprehension  

1. Where were Frank and Nicole employed?

·       Frank and Nicole were employed at the World Trade Center.

2. How does the author describe Frank’s attachment to the twin towers?

·     The author describes Frank’s attachment to the twin towers of the World Trade Centre the twin towers were both a livelihood and a passion for Frank.

3. How did the two families become intimate with each other?

·      Frank and Nicole had two children who were similar to those of the author in terms of age, gender, and temperament. Through their children, they first met. This is how the two families became intimate with each other.

4. What, according to Nicole, did Frank think of the towers?

·     According to Nicole, Frank was amazed at the size and scope, the innovative design features, and the effective use of materials. To him, the towers represented an amazing human effort. He claimed that the towers were made to resist the impact of a small airplane.

5. Why did Frank want to help the people in the tower after the attack?

·       Frank wanted to help the people in the tower after the attack because he assumed that the worst was over as the structure absorbed the impact and the towers could not collapse.

6. Why did Frank not follow Nicole’s request even after knowing that the building was on fire?

·       Frank did not comply with Nicole's request despite knowing that the building was on fire for two reasons: first, he wanted to help and scout the injured people in the room, and second, he believed that the structure was so strong that minor damage would do no harm. 

7. Who did Frank call from the building after the attack?

·       From the building after the attack, Frank called his sister Nina on West 93rd Street in Manhattan and told her not to worry as he and his wife Nicole were fine.

8. How did Nicole feel after the collapse of the first tower?

·       Nicole felt as though a nuclear winter was about to begin following the first tower's fall. Everything suddenly went quiet as the tower collapsed, and she felt a fog that was as brightly lit as a snowfall on a sunny day.

9. Were Frank’s children serious as soon as they heard the news of their missing father? Why?

·       No, Frank’s children were not serious as soon as they heard the news of their missing father because, believe, they were not aware of what actually happened and were concerned with their games. 

Writing

A.      Write a description of an event that you have recently witnessed.

There are many events that I have witnessed on various occasions. Some are bad, while others are good. The account of an event that I have recently witnessed is given below.

One day, when I was on the way to school, I witnessed an accident that took place near my school. The accident was a clash between two motorcyclists coming from opposite sites. When one of the riders collided with another rider on the opposite side, he was attempting to avoid hitting a man crossing the road. Both riders were seriously injured. As far as I saw, the riders were very young and were dressed in college attire. The traffic police appeared on the scene in five minutes and sent them to the nearest hospital in an ambulance.

Many motorcycle accidents are occurring among the youth, especially college students. The first reason may be that they ride at a high speed. Secondly, they lack knowledge about traffic rules, resulting in many fatal accidents. More significantly, people or pedestrians are also responsible for causing many road accidents. If we have to crossroads, we should do so at zebra crossings or flyovers.

B.      Human life does not pass as one expects. You might have also gone through different but memorable incidents. Write an essay on 'An Unforgettable Event in my Life' in about 500 words.

 

An Unforgettable Event in my Life

It is true that life does not pass as one expects. We go through different ups and downs in our lives, some of which are memorable and unforgettable. The following paragraphs present an unforgettable event in my life, which I think will remain with me even after my death. (To be continued...)

The event that makes me pleased whenever I recall it is the moment when I passed the SEE with a 4.0 GPA. The Secondary Education Examination (SEE) is known as an "iron gate" through which every student wants to go. Therefore, every student should focus on studying rather than other things like singing, dancing, sports, etc., as passing this exam opens the door to higher education. I appeared in the SEE in 2020. As I mentioned earlier, I was one of the students who worked hard preparing for the exam. When I was preparing for the exam, all stakeholders, including teachers, guardians, seniors, etc., said that we were pressurized to work hard as they said the exam was going to be tough. The pressure from both teachers and parents affected most of us psychologically, resulting in a loss of confidence, anxiety, etc. Fortunately, I did not lose hope. I kept on studying. I was a bit nervous in the beginning. Later, I managed it and took the exams in all subjects well. I was pretty sure that I would get the best result, and I was waiting for it. The result would usually be published in three months.

One day, news about the possible publication of the results of the SEE was widely spread through the social media, print media, etc. I was both excited and nervous when I knew that the result was sure to be published that day. Finally, the result came out at around 5:30 PM. I had mixed feelings of nervousness and excitement. I tried all the means of knowing it, but unfortunately the websites, telephones, SMS, etc. were not working due to high demand at the time. So, I was feeling uncomfortable about not knowing it. I finally got my result after about 2 hours of trying on a website. My result of a 4.0 GPA was outstanding, as there were the fewest number of students to achieve it. Soon the news of my result spread among parents, teachers, and neighbors. They congratulated me in various ways. Some came to congratulate me in person, while others telephoned and sent messages through different social media sites. "Wow, what a moment!" I couldn't eat or sleep that night because I was overwhelmed. In fact, I was unsure whether I could carry the load of the result.

The next morning, the crowd of visitors came to congratulate me. Among them was the principal of the college where I am currently studying. He, along with some journalists, came to my house with the offer of a full scholarship for studying at his college. I consulted my parents, principal, and teachers and accepted the offer not only because of the scholarship but also because of the quality education and environment it provides to its students. Now I am happy that I chose the best college. All of the teachers and staff are pleasant and cooperative. I have a good atmosphere where I am studying, grooming myself for the final of the National Examination Board. I am hopeful that I can keep the same spirit in this exam as well.

Grammar

Prepositions

A.    Look at the following examples. Which parts of speech do the words in bold belong to?

    a.     She was born in Basel Switzerland and met Frank while studying design in New York.                Frank’s offices were on the 88th floor of the tower.

    b.     My wife and I were befriended by Frank and Nicole in 1999. At about noon, we took the            children to Fort Green Park.

    c.     He suddenly saw Sue across the room. 

    d.     I’d seen them walking along the road past my window several times before.

    e.     The castle sat in the mountains above the town.

    f.      She stood among all her friends in the room and felt very happy.

    g.     He sneezed during the performance.

    h.     You can’t catch a big fish with a small rod like that.

    i.      Do not throw stones at the dogs. They may bite you.

B.    Complete these sentences with the correct prepositions.

a.     The relationship between the two boys has changed significantly over the past few years.

b.     In Nepal, many girls get married at an early age.

c.     I’m not in the mood for such silly games.

d.     There were no security personnel on duty at that time.

e.     The new smartphone is similar to the one I bought a few years ago.

f.      My dad insisted on taking the later train.

g.     People with ambition always try to achieve their goals, no matter what happens.

h.     Mr Jenkins has been disabled all his life as a result of a childhood illness.

i.      We bought the TV because it was on sale.

j.      She has no understanding of how computers really work.

k.     I gave him my new T-shirt in exchange for a few cigarettes.

l.      The company is run by two people who hardly ever meet.

m.   All the celebrations and parties were called off because of the tragic accident.

n.     There was a great need of volunteers at the site of the crash.

C.    Complete the following text with correct prepositions.

What are we seeing here? One very real possibility is that these are the educational consequences of the differences in parenting styles that we talked about in the Chris Langan chapter. Think back to Alex Williams, the nine-year-old whom Annette Lareau studied. His parents believe in concerted cultivation. He gets taken to museums, gets enrolled in special programs, and goes to summer camp, where he takes classes. When he’s bored at home, there are plenty of books to read, and his parents see it as their responsibility to keep him actively engaged with the world around him. It’s hard to see how Alex would get better at reading and math in the summer.

Simple future, future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous

    A.    Study the following sentences. Notice the verb forms in bold.

a.     She will win the competition.

b.     She will be waiting when we arrive.

c.     I will have finished this work by next week.

d.     I will have been living here for one-year next month.

    B.    Make sentences from the given clues as stated in brackets.

a.     Who/pass the exam? (future simple)

Who will pass the exam?

b.     How/you/get home? (future continuous)

How will you be getting home?

c.     I/come later. (future simple)

I will come later.

d.     She/catch the train by 3 pm. (future perfect)

She will have caught the train by 3 pm.

e.     It/rain tomorrow. (future simple)

I will rain tomorrow.

f.      John/sleep at 4 am. (future continuous)

John will be sleeping at 4 am.

g.     How long/you/see your boyfriend when you get married? (future perfect continuous)

How long will you have been seeing your boyfriend when you get married?

h.     It/rain in Kathmandu next week. (future continuous)

It will be raining in Kathmandu next week.

i.      How long/you/work here when you retire? (future perfect continuous)

How long will you have been working here when you retire?

j.      He / not / finish the cleaning by the time she gets home. (future perfect)

He will not have finished the cleaning by the time she gets home.

    C.    Complete the following sentences with the correct future tense form of the verbs in the                  brackets.

a.     It will snow in Brighton tomorrow evening.

b.     On Friday at 8 o’clock, I will be meeting my friend.

c.     Wait! I am going to drive you to the station.

d.     When they get married in March, they will have been together for six years.

e.     You’re carrying too much. I am going to open the door for you.

f.      Do you think the teacher will have marked our homework by Monday morning?

g.     When I see you tomorrow, I will show you my new book.

h.     After you take a nap, you will feel a lot better.

i.      I will let you know the second the builders finish decorating.

j.      We will be waiting in the shelter until the bus comes.

k.     I’m very sorry, Dr. Jones will not be back in the clinic until 2pm.

l.      This summer, I will have been living in Birgunj for four years.

m.   I don’t think you will have any problems when you land in Pokhara.

n.     The baby should be due soon, next week she will have been pregnant for nine months.

o.     By the time we get home, they will have been playing football for 30 minutes.

p.     When you get off the train, I will be waiting for you by the ticket machine.

q.     This time next week, I will be skiing in Switzerland!

r.      Now, I am going to check my answers.